Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): How Micro and Nano Can Help ?
可持续发展目标（SDG）：微纳技术如何发挥作用？
Tarik Bourouina
ABSRACT
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been agreed in 2015 by 195 countries of the United Nations (UN), aiming to change the world for better. Since that time, some actions have been taken to address the major concerns on climate change and global anthropogenic pollution. A transition to alternative solutions are being considered nowadays for energy production, transportation, agriculture. The aim is to prevent the consequences on the environment and to ensure long-term availability of fundamental natural resources: clean water, fresh air, food, soil and energy, also looking for more sustainable cities as the consequence of increasing urbanization.
How can MEMS, Lab-On-Chip and related microsystems and nanometarials, can help in this area? In this talk, we will go through some illustrations, hopefully inspiring for the young generation, on how this could be done.
When we look to the potential of MEMS devices, they already invaded large-scale consumer markets, namely automotive and smartphones, where significant added value was proven by providing numerous functionalities and services based on MEMS physical sensors. Then, what’s next? In this talk, we will first present recent technological breakthroughs enabling MEMS to perform not only chemical sensing but also chemical analysis, possibly in a contactless remote fashion. In particular, we will highlight how recent advances in MEMS optical spectroscopy on-chip already led to a paradigm shift in analytical chemistry thanks to integration into IoT platforms and next generation wearables and smartphones. We will show how such devices already found a plenty of applications in smart farming, precision agriculture, through the whole supply-chain from-farm-to-fork, in the same time reducing food waste and optimizing the use of soil with reduced impact on the environment.
On the other hand, we will focus on the topics of ‘Sustainable and ‘Smart Cities’ as emerging new directions of research with considerable momentum towards ubiquitous sensing with (or without) massive instrumentation of the City with MEMS sensors. Besides its multiscale nature, one systemic view of the City consists of a superposition of several networks: drinking water, energy, transportation, lighting, as well as citizen carrying smartphones. These are multiple opportunities to collect (new) data based on (novel) MEMS sensors to be deployed over IoT platforms at reasonable cost and at large scale: the city scale. In this context of sustainable environment, illustrations will be also given on the co-integration of nanomaterials (Black Silicon, Zinc-oxide nanowires, Carbon Nanotubes) with MEMS and microfluidics, leading to novel functional devices applied to drinking water, air quality, and other fluidics natural resources.
为了使世界变得更好，联合国（UN）的195个国家/地区已在2015年商定了可持续发展目标（SDG）。自那以来，已经采取了一系列行动来解决人们主要关心的气候变化和全球人为污染问题。如今，正在考虑能源生产，运输，农业等方面转变到替代解决方案。该计划的目的是防止对环境的影响，并确保长期提供基本的自然资源：清洁水，新鲜空气，食物，土壤和能源，并且还由于城市化程度的提高而寻求更可持续性的城市。
MEMS，芯片实验室以及相关的微系统和纳米材料如何在这一领域发挥作用？在本次演讲中，我们将通过一些例子，希望能启发年轻一代如何做到这一点。
当我们关注MEMS器件的潜力时，它们已经进入了大型消费市场，即汽车和智能手机。在这些市场中，通过提供大量基于MEMS物理传感器的功能和服务，证明了其巨大的附加值。那接下来呢，在本次演讲中，我们将首先介绍近期的技术突破，使MEMS不仅可以执行化学感应，而且还可以以非接触式远程方式执行化学分析。特别是，我们将重点介绍由于集成到IoT平台以及下一代可穿戴设备和智能手机，片上MEMS光谱学的最新进展如何导致分析化学的范式转变。我们将展示这种设备如何在从农场到餐桌的整个供应链中的智能农业、精密农业中找到大量的应用，同时减少食物浪费并优化土壤的使用，从而减少对环境的影响。
另一方面，我们将把重点放在“可持续性城市”和“智能城市”上，作为新兴的研究方向，在有（或没有）MEMS传感器的大型城市仪器的情况下，无处不在的传感技术将朝着普遍存在的方向发展。除了城市的多尺度性质外，对城市的一种系统性观察还包括多个网络的叠加：饮用水，能源，交通，照明以及市民携带的智能手机。这是基于（新颖的）MEMS传感器收集（新）数据的多种机会，这些价格将以合理的成本大规模地部署在IoT平台上：城市规模。在可持续环境的背景下，还将举例说明纳米材料（黑硅，氧化锌纳米线，碳纳米管）与MEMS和微流控技术的共集成，从而开发出适用于饮用水，空气质量和其他流体自然资源的新型功能性设备。
BIOGRAPHY
Tarik Bourouina holds M.Sc. in Physics, M.Eng. in Optoelectronics (1988), Ph.D (1991), and Habilitation HDR (2000) from Université Paris-Sud. He took several positions in France and in Japan, at the Université Paris-Sud Saclay (1995), at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) and at The University of Tokyo from 1998 to 2001.
His entire career was devoted to the field of MEMS and Lab-On-Chip. He had several contributions in optical MEMS, among which the smallest MEMS-based FTIR Optical Spectrometer, NEOSPCTRA, jointly developed with Si-Ware-Systems, awarded the Prism award on photonics innovation in 2014. His current interests include fundamental micro-opto-fluidics and micro- nano-structured materials, also seeking applications in the areas of Sustainable Environment and Smart-Cities. Among his contributions to the scientific community, Dr. Bourouina served in the Technical Program Committee of IEEE MEMS from 2012 to 2013. He is now serving as an Editor in two journals of Springer-Nature Group jointly edited by the Chinese Academy of Scinces: ‘Microsystems and Nanoengineering’ with IE-CAS and ‘Light: Science and Applications’ with CIOMP.
Tarik Bourouina is now Professor of Physics at ESIEE Paris, Université Gustave Eiffel, within the CNRS joint laboratory ESYCOM (UMR9007). He is also serving as Deputy Vice-President for Research and Executive Scientific Advisor to the Chairman. He used to serve as Dean for Research of ESIEE (2012-2015), as the Director of the joint Master dual-degree in MEMS Engineering between ESIEE Paris and NTU-Singapore from (2003-2007). In 2017, he was the recipient of the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s Fellowship, as visiting scientist at the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP).
Tarik Bourouina于1988获物理学理学硕士，光电子学工程学硕士，1991获博士学位，2000年于巴黎第十一大学获得特许任教资格。从1998年至2001年，他在法国和日本，巴黎萨德·萨克雷大学（1995），法国国家科学研究中心（CNRS）和东京大学等多个职位任职。
他的整个职业生涯都致力于MEMS和芯片实验室的研究。他在光学MEMS方面做出了几项重要贡献，其中包括与Si-Ware-Systems共同开发的最小的基于MEMS的FTIR光谱仪NEOSPCTRA，在2014年获得了光子学创新的棱镜奖。他目前的研究方向包括基础的光学微流体技术和微纳米结构材料，以及在可持续环境和智慧城市领域寻求应用。Bourouina博士于2012年至2013年在IEEE MEMS技术程序委员会任职。他现在是由中国科学研究院与Springer-Nature 出版集团的两本合作期刊的编辑： IE-CAS的“微系统和纳米工程”和CIOMP的“光：科学与应用”。
Tarik Bourouina现在是巴黎古斯塔夫·埃菲尔大学及CNRS联合实验室的物理学教授。他还担任主管研究的副校长和执行科学顾问。他曾担任ESIEE研究部院长（2012-2015），并于2003-2007年担任ESIEE Paris和NTU的MEMS工程学双硕士联合学位的主任。 2017年，他入选中国科学院国际人才计划，并在长春光机所担任访问科学家。